Showing posts with label Gammar Topics. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Gammar Topics. Show all posts

Tuesday, October 6, 2020

 Auxiliary Verbs "Can/Could" and "May/Might/Must"

  • Can. Can – for ability. I can dance Tango. ...
  • Could. Could – past ability. I could run ten kilometers when I was younger. ...
  • May. May – for formal permission. May I come in? ...
  • Might. Might – for possibility. The electrician might be finished by tomorrow. ...
  • Must. Must – to express a formal request or necessity.
Auxiliary-Verbs-English-grammar
Auxiliary-Verbs-English-grammar

Read More:

Infinitives Part 1- English Grammar Topics

English Grammar Rules

English Grammar Quizzes

Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

Advanced English Grammar with Answers Book

Can

Used to express ability (to be able to do something):

  • I can make jewelry.
  • He can’t speak French.
  • Can you open this jar?

Used to ask for permission:

  • Can I use your bathroom?
  • Can I leave now?
  • Can I raise the volume?

Used to make requests or suggestions:

  • Can I have more napkins?
  • Can I have the bill?
  • You can take this spot if you like.
  • You can do whatever you want.

Could (past form of can)

Describes an ability that someone had in the past:

  • I could swim when I was young.
  • You could see the boat sinking.
  • They could tell he was nervous.

Often used in auxiliary functions to express permission politely:

  • Could I take this jacket with me?
  • You could borrow my umbrella.
  • Could you please let me pass you?
  • Could I get you more water?

Used to express possibility:

  • All of them could ride in the van.
  • You could always stay at our house.
  • Could it be true?
  • This plan could really work out.

Read Also: Latest English WhatsApp Group Links

May

Used to ask for formal permission:

  • May I come in?
  • May I say something now?
  • May I ask one question?

Used to suggest something that is possible:

  • She may agree with this plan.
  • They may not be happy about what happened.
  • It may shower tonight.

Might (past form of may)

Used to suggest a smaller possibility than may does (actually, might is more common than may in American English):

  • He might have finished it.
  • I might go see a doctor.
  • I might not come this time.
  • It might be right.
  • You might have lost it.
  • The store might have been closed today.

Click Here to Active Voice and Passive Voice Quiz

Must

Used to express something formally required or necessary:

  • I must complete the project by this week.
  • The government must provide health care for everybody.
  • Everyone must save the natural resources of the earth.
  • The building must have a fire alarm.
  • You must answer my question right now.

Used to show that something is very likely:

  • He must be a genius.
  • You must be joking!
  • There must be an accident.
  • She must be very tired.

Read Also: SPMU NHM AP Recruitment 2020

Monday, October 5, 2020

 Auxiliary Verbs "Will/Would" and "Shall/Should"

The verbs will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, and must cannot be the main (full) verbs alone. They are used as auxiliary verbs only and always need a main verb to follow.

Auxiliary Verbs-English grammar

Auxiliary Verbs-English grammar

Read More:

Infinitives Part 1- English Grammar Topics

English Grammar Rules

English Grammar Quizzes

Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

Advanced English Grammar with Answers Book

Will

Used to express desire, preference, choice, or consent:

  • I will take this duty.
  • Will you stop talking like that?

Used to express the future:

  • It will rain tomorrow.
  • The news will spread soon.

Used to express capacity or capability:

  • This bucket will hold two gallons of water.
  • This airplane will take 200 passengers.

Used to express determination, insistence, or persistence:

  • I will do it as you say.

Would (past form of will)

Often used in auxiliary functions with rather to express preference:

  • I would rather go shopping today.
  • We’d rather say something than stay quiet.

Used to express a wish or desire:

  • I would like to have one more pencil.

Used to express contingency or possibility:

  • If I were you, I would be so happy.

Used to express routine or habitual things:

  • Normally, we would work until 6 p.m.

Read Also: Latest English WhatsApp Group Links

Shall

Mainly used in American English to ask questions politely (it has more usages in British English). For the future tense, will is more frequently used in American English than shall.

  • Shall we dance?
  • Shall I go now?
  • Let’s drink, shall we?

Often used in formal settings to deliver obligation or requirement:

  • You shall abide by the law.
  • There shall be no trespassing on this property.
  • Students shall not enter this room.

Should (past form of shall)

Often used in auxiliary functions to express an opinion, suggestion, preference, or idea:

  • You should rest at home today.
  • I should take a bus this time.
  • He should be more thoughtful in the decision-making process.

Click Here to Active Voice and Passive Voice Quiz

Used to express that you wish something had happened but it didn’t or couldn’t (should + have + past participle):

  • You should have seen it. It was really beautiful.
  • I should have completed it earlier to meet the deadline.
  • We should have visited the place on the way.

Used to ask for someone’s opinion:

  • What should we do now?
  • Should we continue our meeting?
  • Should we go this way?
  • Where should we go this summer?

Used to say something expected or correct:

  • There should be an old city hall building here.
  • Everybody should arrive by 6 p.m.
  • We should be there this evening.

Read Also: SPMU NHM AP Recruitment 2020

Sunday, October 4, 2020

 Auxiliary Verbs "Be," "Do," "Have"

An auxiliary verb helps the main (full) verb and is also called a "helping verb." With auxiliary verbs, you can write sentences in different tenses, moods, or voices. Auxiliary verbs are: be, do, have, will, shall, would, should, can, could, may, might, must, ought, etc.

  • I think I should study harder to master English.
  • I am having a cup of coffee.
  • You have been practicing hard.
  • It was written by a petitioner.
  • You may choose what you like.

Auxiliary-Verbs-English-Grammar

Auxiliary-Verbs-English-Grammar

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The verb forms of be, do, and have can be used either as a main (full) verb or an auxiliary verb. The following examples show these verbs used as auxiliary verbs.

1. "Be" as an auxiliary verb

a.Used in progressive sentences:

  • I am taking a bath.
  • She is preparing dinner for us.
  • They have been studying all night.

b.Used in passive sentences:

  • I was given a free meal.
  • He was seen by fans at the airport.
  • This song has been sung by all nations.

2."Do" as an auxiliary verb

a. Used in negative sentences:

  • I do not know the truth.
  • She doesn’t agree with me.
  • They didn’t arrive here yet.

b.Used in questions:

  • Do you want to have another one?
  • Did he finish his homework?
  • Do we need to keep going straight?

Read Also: Latest English WhatsApp Group Links

3."Have" as an auxiliary verb

a. Used in perfect sentences:

  • I have been following you for a mile.
  • We have done a lot so far.
  • She had been queen of the town.

Read Also: Active Voice and Passive Voice Quiz

 Mood for Grammar: In linguistics, grammatical mood is a grammatical feature of verbs, used for signaling modality. That is, it is the use of verbal inflections that allow speakers to express their attitude toward what they are saying.

Mood for Grammar

Read More:

Infinitives Part 1- English Grammar Topics

English Grammar Rules

English Grammar Quizzes

Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

Advanced English Grammar with Answers Book

A mood shows the writer’s attitude toward what he/she is saying.

Indicative Mood states an actuality or fact.

  • We will go to see a movie this Sunday.
  • I’ll follow you.

Imperative Mood makes a request.

  • Let’s go to see a movie this weekend!
  • Please stop bugging me!

Subjunctive Mood expresses a doubtful condition (contrary to fact) and is often used with an "if" clause.

  • If I were you, I wouldn’t buy a house.
  • I wish I were more organized.

The following verbs often attract the subjunctive mood: ask, recommend, suggest, wish, insist, order, commend, request, and demand.A verb in the subjunctive mood may have a different form. The subjunctive for the present tense third-person singular drops the s or es so that it looks and sounds like the present tense for everything else. In the subjunctive mood, the verb to be is be in the present tense and were in the past tense, regardless of what the subject is.

  • Incorrect: If I was you, I would take any offer.
  • Correct: If I were you, I would take any offer.
  • (The verb follows ‘if’ and expresses a non-factual condition.)
  • Incorrect: I wish I was able to speak English fluently.
  • Correct: I wish I were able to speak English fluently.

(The second verb is in a clause following a verb expressing a wish. It suggests a non-factual or doubtful condition.)

  • Incorrect: Our suggestion is that everyone on the team does the survey.
  • Correct: Our suggestion is that everyone on the team do the survey.
  • Incorrect: She recommended that each student takes a note.
  • Correct: She recommended that each student take a note.

Friday, October 2, 2020

Active Voice and Passive Voice

Active voice is a grammatical voice common in many of the world's languages. It is the unmarked voice for clauses featuring a transitive verb in nominative–accusative languages, including English and most other Indo-European languages.

Verbs are either active or passive in voice. In the active voice, the subject and verb relationship is straightforward: the subject is a do-er. In the passive voice, the subject of the sentence is not a do-er. It is shown with by + do-er or is not shown in the sentence.

Active Voice and Passive Voice

Active Voice and Passive Voice

Passive voice is used when the action is the focus, not the subject. It is not important (or not known) who does the action.

  • The window is broken. (It is not known who broke the window, or it is not important to know who broke the window.)
  • The class has been canceled. (The focus is on the class being canceled. It is not important to know who canceled it.)
  • The passive voice is often used. (The focus is on the passive voice. It is not important to explain who the writer is.)

Passive voice should be avoided when you want more clarity in writing. However, in some cases, you need to use passive voice to stress the action, not the actor. Also, passive voice can be considered more polite, as it sounds less aggressive or dramatic.

Read More:

Infinitives Part 1- English Grammar Topics

English Grammar Rules

English Grammar Quizzes

Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

Advanced English Grammar with Answers Book

  • That building was built in 1990.
  • The car was invented about a hundred years ago.
  • I was told that Mary moved to a different country.
  • Your business is appreciated.
  • She was elected to city council.
  • It was rumored that the company would lay off a few people soon.
  • It is recommended that the billing process be shortened.

You can easily rewrite an active sentence to a passive sentence. The object in the active sentence becomes a subject in the passive sentence. The verb is changed to a “be” verb + past participle. The subject of the active sentence follows by or is omitted.

  • Sam wrote a letter to Jamie.
  • A letter was written to Jamie by Sam.
  • The government built a new bridge.
  • A new bridge was built by the government.
  • I recommend that you apply for this position.
  • It is recommended that you apply for this position.

Thursday, October 1, 2020

 Infinitives Part 2-English Grammar Topics

In part 2 of the Infinitives Tutorial, we continue our list of tips on using gerunds and infinitives. We look at ways to modify each form and learn some additional situations in which gerunds and infinitives are required.

Commonly, an infinitive is used with the subject it. The sentence structure is "It is                      + infinitive.…" It refers to the infinitive. This expression is used in many ways.

Infinitives Part 2-English Grammar Topics

Infinitives Part 2-English Grammar Topics

  • It is time to do math.
  • It is common to think that way.
  • It is appropriate to keep a low profile.
  • It was nice to see you.
  • It was my pleasure to meet you.
  • It was my honor to have dinner with you.
  • It is good to see you.
  • It was great to go on a trip with them.

Both gerunds and infinitive phrases can function as nouns, in a variety of ways. Gerunds and infinitives can follow certain verbs but not others. You need to remember which verbs can be followed by only a gerund or only an infinitive.

Read Also: Infinitives Part 1- English Grammar Topics

Verbs that can precede only gerunds:

consider, suggest, enjoy, deny, avoid, miss, mind, practice, postpone, resist, finish, quit, give up, put off


Verbs that can precede only infinitives:

offer, decide, hope, attempt, promise, agree, afford, deserve, refuse, undertake, learn, fail, seem, appear, tend, pretend, choose, demand, desire, guarantee, claim, manage, determine, expect, want, wish


Verbs that can precede either gerunds or infinitives without changing meanings:

continue, like, love, begin, start, propose, neglect, stand, hate


Verbs that can precede either gerunds or infinitives but change meanings:

forget, remember, stop, try

  • I stopped watching the movie. (I no longer watched the movie.)
  • I stopped to watch the movie. (I stopped what I was doing to watch the movie.)

Read Also : English Grammar Quizzes

Some verbs are followed by a noun plus an infinitive. In some situations, the noun is required. In other situations, the noun is optional. List of Verbs Followed by a Noun + an Infinitive

Examples:

The police ordered the man to stop. noun is required

She asked to leave. noun is optional

She asked him to leave. noun is optional

Click Here : "English Grammar Rules"

Gerunds can often be modified with possessive forms such as his, her, its, your, their, our, John's, Mary's, the machine's, and so on. This makes it clearer who or what is performing the action.

Examples:

I enjoyed their singing. They were singing.

She understood his saying no to the offer. He said no.

Sam resented Debbie's coming late to the dinner. Debbie came late to the dinner.

We discussed the machine's being broken. The machine is broken.

Infinitives Part 2 Quiz

Fill in the blanks.

1)I decided _____________ (leave) the job.

2)She pretended _______________  (know) me.

3)He desires ____________ (be) a professor.

4)The company considered _____________ (sell) its main building.

5)I expect ______________ (win) at this game.

6)Do you enjoy ____________(take) care of your pet?

7)She hopes _____________  (go) on a vacation.

8)Did you fail ______________(pass) the exam?

9)They want me _______________(take) this position.

10)It is great ____________ (hear) that they agreed ______ (share) the land.

Click Here : View Answers

Wednesday, September 30, 2020

 Infinitives Part 1

An infinitive is a verb combined with the word to. Most often, an infinitive acts as a noun in the sentence. Less frequently, it acts as an adjective or an adverb.

Learning to use gerunds and infinitives can feel a bit overwhelming at first. The good news is that our three-part tutorial gives you twenty gerund and infinitive tips to take you from beginner to pro. Here in part 1, we introduce gerunds and infinitives and explain the basics of everyday usage.

Infinitives Part 1- English Grammar Topics

Infinitives Part 1- English Grammar Topics

Click Here : "English Grammar Rules"

  • I want to go home early today.
  • I hope to be chosen as a member.
  • I prefer to go there earlier.
  • You need to consider various rules in writing sentences.
  • You have to explain your reasoning in detail.
  • You might wish to act as a teacher.
  • To leave for a vacation is my only wish at this time.
  • A common mistake in a relationship is not to trust the other person.
  • Help me to save the trees!
  • To be mentally healthy, you must read books.
  • Do you want me to fill out this form?
  • Here is our to-do list.
  • It was nice to meet you.
  • It is time to move on.
  • I am young enough to change my habits.
  • Don’t forget not to make grammar mistakes.
  • You are required to leave all your belongings here.
  • I came to see a doctor today.
  • You have to work harder to succeed.
  • I need to take three more classes to finish my graduate study.
  • I got closer to the speaker to listen clearly.
  • Be sure to check if you have tickets.
  • I am going to buy the new computer.

Read Also: Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

Generally, it is not common to split to and the verb except for when you want to emphasize the verb.

  • I want you to immediately stop doing that.
  • You have to seriously work hard to succeed.
  • You need to definitely explain your reasoning in detail.

Both gerunds and infinitives can be used as the subject or the complement of a sentence. However, as subjects or complements, gerunds usually sound more like normal, spoken English, whereas infinitives sound more abstract. In the following sentences, gerunds sound more natural and would be more common in everyday English. Infinitives emphasize the possibility or potential for something and sound more philosophical. If this sounds confusing, just remember that 90% of the time, you will use a gerund as the subject or complement of a sentence.

Examples:

Learning is important. normal subject

To learn is important. abstract subject - less common

The most important thing is learning. normal complement

The most important thing is to learn. abstract complement - less common

Read Also : English Grammar Quizzes

As the object of a sentence, it is more difficult to choose between a gerund or an infinitive. In such situations, gerunds and infinitives are not normally interchangeable. Usually, the main verb in the sentence determines whether you use a gerund or an infinitive.

Examples:

He enjoys swimming. "Enjoy" requires a gerund.

He wants to swim. "Want" requires an infinitive.

Advanced English Grammar with Answers Book

Some verbs are followed by gerunds as objects. List of Verbs Followed by Gerunds

Examples:

She suggested going to a movie.

Mary keeps talking about her problems.


Some verbs are followed by infinitives. List of Verbs Followed by Infinitives

Examples:

She wants to go to a movie.

Mary needs to talk about her problems.

Tuesday, September 29, 2020

Gerunds

A gerund is any of various nonfinite verb forms in various languages; most often, but not exclusively, one that functions as a noun. In English, it has the properties of both verb and noun, such as being modifiable by an adverb and being able to take a direct object.

Gerunds-English Grammar Topics

Gerunds-English Grammar Topics

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Advanced English Grammar with Answers Book

A gerund (verb + ing) acts like a noun in a sentence.

Read Also: Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

  • Seeing is believing.
  • Running a marathon is not an easy thing to do.
  • Watching TV is sometimes harmful.
  • Eating is always fun.
  • My hobby is painting.
  • She loves babysitting her sister.
  • I like listening to music.
  • I wasted all my afternoon by taking a nap.
  • I am afraid of singing a song on a stage.

Read Also: Count Nouns vs Non-Count Nouns

Often, a possessive noun or pronoun comes before a gerund.

  • I hope that you don’t mind my using your pen.
  • Don’t be mad about my leaving early.
  • I don’t want you misunderstanding.
  • You will be amazed by my writing.

Read Also : English Grammar Quizzes

Only a gerund can follow these verbs:

admit, advise, avoid, be used to, can’t help, can’t stand, consider, deny, discuss, dislike, end up, enjoy, feel like, finish, forget, get used to, give up, go on, have difficulty, have problems, have trouble, imagine, it’s no use, it’s worthwhile, keep, look forward to, mention, mind, miss, recommend, remember, quit, spend time, stop, suggest, understand, waste time, work at

Read Also: Count Nouns vs Non-Count Nouns

Monday, September 28, 2020

Irregular Verbs

A regular verb is any verb whose conjugation follows the typical pattern, or one of the typical patterns, of the language to which it belongs. A verb whose conjugation follows a different pattern is called an irregular verb.

Irregular Verbs -english grammar

Irregular Verbs -english grammar

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Regular verbs form their past and past participle by adding ed (d).

Base Verb

Past

Past Participle

learn

learned

learned

study

studied

studied

cook

cooked

cooked

solve

solved

solved

ask

asked

asked

watch

watched

watched

listen

listened

listened

 

Read Also: Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

Irregular verbs do not have definite rules, but there are a few patterns.

Base Verb

Past

Past Participle

grow

grew

grown

know

knew

known

begin

began

begun

draw

drew

drawn

drive

drove

driven

fly

flew

flown

give

gave

given

speak

spoke

spoken

swim

swam

swum

go

went

gone

take

took

taken

find

found

found

spend

spent

spent

teach

taught

taught

pay

paid

paid

feel

felt

felt

buy

bought

bought

meet

met

met

have

had

had

feed

fed

fed

keep

kept

kept

cut

cut

cut

hit

hit

hit

set

set

set

shut

shut

shut

fit

fit

fit

 

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