Showing posts with label Gammar Topics. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Gammar Topics. Show all posts

Saturday, September 26, 2020

Perfect Progressive Tense - English grammar

The perfect progressive tense describes actions that repeated over a period of time in the past, are continuing in the present, and/or will continue in the future.

Perfect Progressive Tense-Present perfect continuous

Perfect Progressive Tense-Present perfect continuous

The present perfect progressive tense tells you about a continuous action that was initiated in the past and finished at some point in the past; however, the action has some relation to the present time. Use have/has + been + ing.

  • It has been raining, and the street is still wet.
  • I have been running, and I am still tired.
  • She has been practicing the piano, and she is much better now.

Click Here : "English Grammar Rules"

The past perfect progressive tense illustrates a continuous action in the past that was completed before another past action. Use had + been + ing.

  • It had been raining, and the street was still wet.
  • I had been running, and I was still tired.
  • She had been practicing the piano, and she had gotten much better.

The future perfect progressive tense indicates a continuous action that will be completed in the future. Use will + have + been + ing.

  • By tonight, it will have been raining several hours, and the street will be very wet.
  • By next summer, I will have been running for almost a year, and I will be fit and healthy.
  • By the time of the concert, she will have been practicing the piano for several months, and she will be much better.

Read Also: Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

Present perfect continuous - English grammar

Form

Affirmative: have/has been + present participle (verb + ing)

Negative: haven’t/hasn’t been + present participle (verb + ing)

Read Also: Count Nouns vs Non-Count Nouns

Meaning

Present perfect continuous is used to talk about an action/event that started in the past and is still happening now.

  • I’ve been waiting for over an hour. (I’m still waiting now)
  • It’s been snowing since 8am. (It’s still snowing now)

How long is often used in questions.

  • How long have you been learning English? (You started learning in the past and are still learning now)

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Present perfect continuous is used to talk about an activity/event that has recently finished and has a result or consequence now.

  • She’s tired because she’s been working hard.
  • I have no money left because I’ve been shopping.

Present perfect continuous is used to focus on the action and not on the completion of the action.

  • She’s been writing a book. (focus on the action)
  • She’s written a book. (Present perfect simple – focus on the result)
  • They’ve been negotiating the contract. (focus on the action, it’s not important if it’s finished or not)They’ve negotiated the contract. (focus on the result,the negotiation is finished)

When the action/event is more temporary we often use present perfect continuous. When it is more permanent we often use present perfect simple.

  • They’ve lived in Italy for many years. (Present perfect simple)
  • I’ve been living here for a month. (Present perfect continuous)

Friday, September 25, 2020

The Progressive and Perfect Tense indicates a continuous action that has been finished at some point in the past or that was initiated in the past and continues to happen. The action is usually of limited duration and has some current relevance: "She has been running and her heart is still beating fast." The present perfect progressive frequently is used to describe an event of the recent past; it is often accompanied by just in this usage: "It has just been raining."

Progressive Tense

The progressive tense involves action that is, was, or will be in progress at a certain time. In the progressive tense, verbs are formed with a "be" verb + ing.

Progressive and Perfect Tense-English grammar

Progressive and Perfect Tense

Click Here : "English Grammar Rules"

run

I am running a marathon right now. (present progressive)

I was running a marathon at this time last year. (past progressive)

I will be running a marathon next Sunday. (future progressive)


eat

I am eating lunch now.

I was eating lunch when you saw me.

I will be eating lunch in the meeting.


learn

I am learning English at my desk.

I was learning English the last two years.

I will be learning English then.


cook

I am cooking my supper now.

I was cooking our dinner when you called me.

I will be cooking breakfast by the time you come home.

Read Also: Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

Perfect Tense

The present perfect tense describes an action that started in the past and continues to the present time. Use has/have + the past participle form of the verb.


The past perfect tense describes an action that started and ended in the past. Use had + the past participle form of the verb.


The future perfect tense describes future actions that will occur before some other action. Use will have + the past participle form of the verb.


run

I have run several marathons this year. (present perfect)

I had run many marathons in the past. (past perfect)

I will have run a marathon by the time I turn 30. (future perfect)


learn

I have learned a lot about English grammar this semester.

I had learned the basics of English grammar in elementary school.

I will have learned a lot about English grammar when I finish college.

Read Also: Count Nouns vs Non-Count Nouns

know

I have known her since I was young.

I had known her until she passed away.

I will have known her for 20 years next month.


cook

I have cooked supper every night this week.

I had cooked supper every night until the stove broke.

I will have cooked supper every night by the time this diet ends.

Singular

Plural

I have been walking

we have been walking

you have been walking

you have been walking

he/she/it has been walking

they have been walking


Singular

Plural

I have been sleeping

we have been sleeping

you have been sleeping

you have been sleeping

he/she/it has been sleeping

they have been sleeping

 

Buy Link Here: Advanced English Grammar with Answers Book

Thursday, September 24, 2020

Simple Tense

The simple present, present simple or present indefinite is one of the verb forms associated with the present tense in modern English. It is commonly referred to as a tense, although it also encodes certain information about aspect in addition to present time.

Simple Tense: Learn about Adjectives in this post as part of English Grammar. See also other posts for more details. If possible try to find out for English Grammar Rules. The "English Grammar Rules" can be viewed through the following links.

Click Here : "English Grammar Rules"

Verb tense tells you when the action happens. There are three main verb tenses: present, past, and future. Each main tense is divided into simple, progressive, perfect, and perfect progressive tenses.

Simple-Tense-English-grammar-topics

Simple Tense English Grammar Topics

Read Also: Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

Things to remember about simple tense:

     a. Present tense is the original verb form.

     b. Past tense has a few patterns.

     c. Future tense needs will (shall) + verb.

Click Here : Singular and Plural Nouns

run

  • I run a marathon twice a year. (present)
  • I ran a marathon last year. (past)
  • I will run a marathon next year. (future)

eat

  • I eat lunch in my office.
  • I ate lunch an hour ago.
  • I will eat lunch in one hour.

Click Here : Possessive Nouns

see

  • I see a movie once a week.
  • I saw a movie yesterday.
  • I will see a movie tomorrow.

know

  • I know it.
  • I knew it the day before yesterday.
  • I will know it by tomorrow.

learn

  • I learn English.
  • I learned English the last two years.
  • I will learn English next year.

cook

  • I cook my supper every night.
  • I cooked our dinner already.
  • I will cook breakfast tomorrow.

Tuesday, September 22, 2020

 Adverbs-EnglishGrammar Topics

Adverbs modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.

Adverbs: Learn about Adjectives in this post as part of English Grammar. See also other posts for more details. If possible try to find out for English Grammar Rules. The "English Grammar Rules" can be viewed through the following links.

Click Here : "English Grammar Rules"

Adverbs-English-Grammar-Topics
Adverbs-English-Grammar-Topics


An adverb tells more about a verb in the sentence.

  • The fire engine runs fast.
  • Listen to his speech carefully.
  • I browse the web frequently.
  • It rained hard.

Click Here : Possessive Nouns

An adverb describes more about an adjective in the sentence.

  • The news is very surprising!
  • The coffee is extremely hot, so be careful.
  • Nature is really amazing!

Click Here : Singular and Plural Nouns

An adverb modifies another adverb in the sentence.

  • It rains very hard.
  • Computers run much faster these days.
  • I clean my room less frequently because I am busy.

Read Also: Count Nouns vs Non-Count Nouns

Commonly, adjectives can be changed to adverbs by adding 'ly'.

  • slow – slowly
  • quick – quickly
  • comfortable – comfortably
  • loud – loudly
  • clear – clearly

Read Also : 'Be' Verbs

To change adjectives ending in 'y' into adverbs, change the 'y' to 'i' and add 'ly'.

  • happy – happily
  • easy – easily

Sunday, September 20, 2020

Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

Comparative adjectives compare two things. Superlative adjectives compare more than two things

Comparative and Superlative Adjectives: Learn about Adjectives in this post as part of English Grammar. See also other posts for more details. If possible try to find out for English Grammar Rules. The "English Grammar Rules" can be viewed through the following links.

Click Here : "English Grammar Rules"

Comparative-and-Superlative-Adjectives
Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

Commonly, adjectives that contain only one syllable or end in 'y' use 'er' to form comparatives and 'est' to form superlatives. For adjectives ending in y, change the 'y' to 'i' before adding the 'er' or 'est'.

  • old – older – oldest
  • young – younger – youngest
  • pretty – prettier – prettiest
  • long – longer – longest
  • short – shorter – shortest
  • bright – brighter – brightest
  • close – closer – closest
  • happy – happier - happiest

Click Here : Possessive Nouns

Adjectives with two or more syllables do not change but instead add more to form comparatives and most to form superlatives.

  • respectable – more respectable – most respectable
  • beautiful – more beautiful – most beautiful
  • preferable – more preferable – most preferable
  • hardworking – more hardworking – most hardworking

Click Here : Singular and Plural Nouns

Some adjectives have different forms of comparatives and superlatives.

  • good – better – best
  • bad – worse – worst
  • little – less – least
  • much (many) – more – most
  • far – further - furthest

Read Also: Count Nouns vs Non-Count Nouns

The word than typically appears in comparative sentences.

  • Amy is smarter than Betty.
  • Chad is stronger than Dan.
  • Greg is more diligent than his brother.
  • I have more apples than he.
  • She likes him more than me.

Read Also : 'Be' Verbs

Superlatives are typically accompanied by the word the.

  • Tom is the oldest man in town.
  • Paul is the tallest boy in the neighborhood.
  • That shade of blue is the most beautiful color.
  • This is the longest song that I have ever heard.

Read Also :  Action Verbs

Saturday, September 19, 2020

Adjectives

Adjectives describe or modify nouns.

I like fairy tales. A fairy tale is an imaginary story that has unrealistic characters in a fantastic background. It makes me forget about the real world and refreshes my tired mind.

Adjectives: Learn about Adjectives in this post as part of English Grammar. See also other posts for more details. If possible try to find out for English Grammar Rules. The "English Grammar Rules" can be viewed through the following links.

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Adjectives : ఇంగ్లిష్ గ్రామర్ లో భాగంగా ఈ పోస్టులో  Adjectives గురించి తెలుసుకోవచ్చు. మరిన్ని వివరాలకోసం మిగతా పోస్టులను కూడా చూడండి. వీలయితే English Grammar Rules కోసం తెలుసుకునే ప్రయత్నం చేయండి. ఈ క్రింది లింక్స్ ద్వారా  "English Grammar Rules" వీక్షించవచ్చు. 

ఈ బ్లాగు పట్ల మీ సలహాలను,సూచనలను తెలియజేయండి.

అలాగే మీ మిత్రులకు, మీ వాట్సాప్ గ్రూపులలో కూడా షేర్ చేయండి

Adjectives: अंग्रेजी व्याकरण के हिस्से के रूप में इस पोस्ट में विशेषण के बारे में जानें। अधिक जानकारी के लिए अन्य पोस्ट भी देखें। यदि संभव हो तो अंग्रेजी व्याकरण के नियमों का पता लगाने की कोशिश करें। "अंग्रेजी व्याकरण नियम" को निम्नलिखित लिंक के माध्यम से देखा जा सकता है।

इस ब्लॉग के लिए अपने सुझाव और सुझाव हमें बताएं।

अपने दोस्तों के साथ, अपने व्हाट्सएप ग्रुप में भी शेयर करें

Adjectives-kscsmartguide
Adjectives-kscsmartguide

Read Also:

Click Here : "English Grammar Rules"

Adjectives generally appear immediately before the noun.

  • A pretty girl
  • Red flowers
  • A long stick
  • Heavy boxes
  • Warm weather

Click Here : Possessive Nouns

Commonly, adjectives of opposite meaning are formed by adding a prefix such as un, in, or dis.

  • clear – unclear, important – unimportant, predictable – unpredictable, believable – unbelievable, common – uncommon, aware – unaware, ambiguous – unambiguous, conventional – unconventional, certain – uncertain
  • definite – indefinite, correct – incorrect, comparable – incomparable, complete – incomplete, evitable – inevitable, expensive – inexpensive
  • able – disable, assemble – disassemble, content – discontent, similar – dissimilar

Click Here : Singular and Plural Nouns

When using a string of adjectives, they should appear in a set order: size/shape + age + color + origin + material.

  • A big brown house
  • A small old English desk
  • A beautiful black Italian leather purse
  • Delicious Chinese food

Read Also: Count Nouns vs Non-Count Nouns

The + adjective describes a class or group of people and acts as a noun.

  • the old, the young, the poor, the rich, the oppressed, the homeless, etc.
  • This popular TV show is loved by the old.
Read Also : 'Be' Verbs
Read Also :  Action Verbs

Friday, September 18, 2020

 Action Verbs

Action verbs express action and are the most common verbs.

Action Verbs: You can learn about Action Verbs in this post as part of English Grammar. See also other posts for more details. If possible try to find out for English Grammar Rules. This link can be viewed by clicking on "English Grammar Rules".


Action Verbs : ఇంగ్లిష్ గ్రామర్ లో భాగంగా ఈ పోస్టులో  Action Verbs గురించి తెలుసుకోవచ్చు. మరిన్ని వివరాలకోసం మిగతా పోస్టులను కూడా చూడండి. వీలయితే English Grammar Rules కోసం తెలుసుకునే ప్రయత్నం చేయండి. ఈ లింక్  "English Grammar Rules" క్లిక్ చేయడం ద్వారా వీక్షించవచ్చు.


Action Verbs : आप अंग्रेजी व्याकरण के भाग के रूप में इस क्रिया में क्रिया क्रियाओं के बारे में जान सकते हैं। अधिक जानकारी के लिए अन्य पोस्ट भी देखें। यदि संभव हो तो अंग्रेजी व्याकरण के नियमों का पता लगाने की कोशिश करें। इस लिंक को "इंग्लिश ग्रामर रूल्स" पर क्लिक करके देखा जा सकता है।

Click Here : "English Grammar Rules"

Action Verbs-grammar

Action Verbs

Action verbs need s at the end with third-person, singular subjects.

He eats bread.

She walks to the station.

It floats on the sea.

Read Also: Possessive Nouns

Negative sentences need do not, does not, or did not.

I do not eat bread.

He does not eat bread.

You did not walk to the station.

It does not float on the sea.

Read Also: Singular and Plural Nouns

Interrogative sentences begin with do, does, or did.

Do you eat bread?

Does he eat bread?

Does she walk to the station?

Did they finish it?

Read Also: Count Nouns vs Non-Count Nouns

Do not can be shortened to don't, does not to doesn't, and did not to didn't.

I don't eat bread.

She doesn't walk to the station.

It doesn't float on the sea.

They didn't finish it.

Remember the variations of action verbs:

action-verbs

Read Also : 'Be' Verbs

Thursday, September 17, 2020

'Be' Verbs: You can learn about 'Be' Verbs in this post as part of English Grammar. See also other posts for more details. If possible try to find out for English Grammar Rules. This link can be viewed by clicking on "English Grammar Rules".

 'Be' Verbs : ఇంగ్లిష్ గ్రామర్ లో భాగంగా ఈ పోస్టులో  'Be' Verbs గురించి తెలుసుకోవచ్చు. మరిన్ని వివరాలకోసం మిగతా పోస్టులను కూడా చూడండి. వీలయితే English Grammar Rules కోసం తెలుసుకునే ప్రయత్నం చేయండి. ఈ లింక్  "English Grammar Rules" క్లిక్ చేయడం ద్వారా వీక్షించవచ్చు.

'Be' Verbs: अंग्रेजी व्याकरण के भाग के रूप में आप इस पोस्ट में 'Be' Verbs के बारे में जान सकते हैं। अधिक जानकारी के लिए अन्य पोस्ट भी देखें। यदि संभव हो तो अंग्रेजी व्याकरण के नियमों का पता लगाने की कोशिश करें। इस लिंक को "इंग्लिश ग्रामर रूल्स" पर क्लिक करके देखा जा सकता है।

be-verbs
'Be' Verbs

'Be' Verbs

A verb shows action or a state of being.


I go home. Home is my place to rest. I like the smell of my house. I feel totally relaxed. Home refreshes me. At home, I get ready for a new day.


"Be" verbs indicate a state of being.

Read Also: Basics rules of English Grammar

Verbs must match subjects.

I am a doctor.

He is sleepy.

We are here.

Read Also: Possessive Nouns

Negative sentences need ‘not' after the verb.

I am not a doctor.

He is not sleepy.

We are not there.

Read Also: Singular and Plural Nouns

The verb comes first in interrogative sentences.

Am I a doctor?

Is he sleepy?

Are we there?

"Are not" (is not) can be shortened to "aren't" (isn't).

He isn't sleepy.

We aren't there.

Remember the variations of "be" verbs:

Wednesday, September 16, 2020

Pronouns

A pronoun takes the place of a noun.

Example story:
Mary is one of the heads of the ToJi Corporation. Mary works with Mr. James and Mr. James' son Tom. Mr. James and Mr. James' son Tom are experts in biochemistry. Mary, Mr. James, and Tom researched and invented a drug for cancer treatment.
Personal Pronouns
Personal Pronouns


If the story above is written using pronouns:
Mary is one of the heads of the ToJi Corporation. She works with Mr. James and his son Tom. He and his son Tom are experts in biochemistry. They researched and invented a drug for cancer treatment.
Read Also: Possessive Nouns

Personal Pronouns
Personal pronouns refer to a person:

  • I go to school.
  • You are a student.
  • They are Koreans.
  • He works here.
  • We gave her food.

The word ‘it' refers to an object:

  • I drank it.
  • It is big.
  • They cut it into halves.

Memorize the personal pronouns:
Read Also: Singular and Plural Nouns

Tuesday, September 15, 2020

Possessive Nouns

Possessive nouns are used to indicate ownership.
possessive-nouns
Possessive Nouns

Possessive nouns usually are formed by adding an apostrophe (') and s.

  • John's book
  • Kerry's car
  • Grandma's mirror

When a noun is plural and ends in s, just add an apostrophe (').

  • The kids' toys
  • My parents' house
  • The teachers' lounge

If two people own one thing, add the apostrophe and s to the second person only.

  • John and Mary's new house
  • David and Sue's wedding
  • Tom and Doug's car

If two people own separate things, add the apostrophe and s for each person.

  • Susan's and Beth's books
  • Jean's and Dan's pants
  • Ben's and Jim's offices




Sunday, September 13, 2020

Count Nouns vs. Non-Count Nouns

Count nouns
Can be counted as one or more.

pen, computer, bottle, spoon, desk, cup, television, chair, shoe, finger, flower, camera, stick, balloon, book, table, comb, etc.
Take an s to form the plural.

pens, computers, bottles, spoons, desks, cups, televisions, chairs, shoes, fingers, flowers, cameras, sticks, balloons, books, tables, combs, etc.
Work with expressions such as (a few, few, many, some, every, each, these, and the number of).

a few pens, a few computers, many bottles, some spoons, every desk, each cup, these televisions, the number of chairs, a few shoes, a few fingers, many flowers, some cameras, every stick, each balloon, these books, the number of tables, many combs, etc.
Work with appropriate articles (a, an, or the).
count-nouns-vs-non-count-nouns
Count Nouns vs Non-Count Nouns

a pen, the computer, a bottle, the spoon, a desk, the cup, a television, the chair, a shoe, the finger, a flower, the camera, a stick, the balloon, a book, the table, a comb, etc.
Do NOT work with much (for example, you would never say much pens or much computers).
Non-count nouns
Cannot be counted. They usually express a group or a type.

water, wood, ice, air, oxygen, English, Spanish, traffic, furniture, milk, wine, sugar, rice, meat, flour, soccer, sunshine, etc.
Generally cannot be pluralized.

Work both with and without an article (a, an, or the), depending on the context of the sentence.

Sugar is sweet.
The sunshine is beautiful.
I drink milk.
He eats rice.
We watch soccer together.
The wood is burning.
Work with expressions such as (some, any, enough, this, that, and much).

We ate some rice and milk.
I hope to see some sunshine today.
This meat is good.
She does not speak much Spanish.
Do you see any traffic on the road?
That wine is very old.
Do NOT work with expressions such as (these, those, every, each, either, or neither).

Read Also: Singular and Plural Nouns

Friday, September 11, 2020

Singular and Plural Nouns

A noun names a person, place, thing, or idea.

Usually, the first page of a grammar book tells you about nouns. Nouns give names of concrete or abstract things in our lives. As babies learn "mom," "dad," or "milk" as their first word, nouns should be the first topic when you study a foreign language.
Singular and Plural Nouns

For the plural form of most nouns, add s.

bottle – bottles
cup – cups
pencil – pencils
desk – desks
sticker – stickers
window – windows
For nouns that end in ch, x, s, or s sounds, add es.

box – boxes
watch – watches
moss – mosses
bus – buses
For nouns ending in f or fe, change f to v and add es.

wolf – wolves
wife – wives
leaf – leaves
life – lives
Some nouns have different plural forms.

child – children
woman – women
man – men
mouse – mice
goose – geese
Nouns ending in vowels like y or o do not have definite rules.

baby – babies
toy – toys
kidney – kidneys
potato – potatoes
memo – memos
stereo – stereos
A few nouns have the same singular and plural forms.

sheep – sheep
deer – deer
series – series
species – species

[Quiz 1.1]

Choose the correct form of the noun in each sentence.

1)I have three (child, children).
2)There are five (man, men) and one (woman, women).
3)(Baby, Babies) play with bottles as toys.
4)I put two big (potato, potatoes) in the lunch box.
5)A few men wear (watch, watches).
6)I put a (memo, memos) on the desk.
7)I saw a (mouse, mice) running by.
8)There are few (bus, buses) on the road today.



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